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№ 2020/53
1Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR MIGRATION FROM INDEPENDENT UKRAINE: FEATURES AND PECULIARITIES
| Ìstor. nar. gospod. ekon. dumki Ukr. 2020; 53:362-386 | https://doi.org/10.15407/ingedu2020.53.362 |
ABSTRACT ▼
The purpose of this article is to summarize the main features and peculiarities of external labour migration during the independence period of Ukraine, as well as to compare the main indicators of labour migration to international migration ones. The emigration potential that had formed during the Soviet era began to realize in the early 1990s. In particular, it manifested in the largest by volume type of migration, in labour one. The so-called fourth wave of emigration remained massive, despite gaining state independence. Labour migration flows were formed mainly by the western regions, while the main donors of international migrants were Kyiv and the eastern regions. The migration vectors had diversified significantly compared to previous waves. The main destination countries were countries with a higher standard of living and neighbouring ones. Italy, the Czech Republic and Poland were the most attractive countries for migrant workers. Meanwhile, the United States, Israel and Germany were the most attractive for international migrants in general. In both cases, the Russian Federation has continued to be among the leaders of destination countries. The main feature of private remittances was a constant growth of their volume. Their role in Ukraine’s economy as much as the gap with foreign direct investments becomes more significant. However, the predominant «eating» of these remittances remains the disappointing trend. Improving welfare, increasing earnings, finding ways of selffulfilment and raising the level of social comfort became key migration motives. In recent years, the situation on the world labour market, the visa-free regime along with political motives connected to military aggression in the east of Ukraine and annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation have also become migration factors. The educational level of migrant workers was wave-like. It was high until the mid-1990s, declined by the end of the 1990s and then increased, along with the share of highly educated migrants, closer to the 2010s. Throughout the independence period, the departure of intellectuals abroad continues, intellectual migration acquires new features, forming, in particular, a class of young migrant intellectuals in the IT industry. Migration is unavoidable in the modern world. Considering this fact, we propose to focus public policy on mitigating potential consequences, reducing irreversible migration, along with creating favourable economic, social and political conditions to maximize the results.
Keywords: Migration, international migration, labour migration, personal remittances, migration motives, intellectual migration, migrant workers.
JEL: F22, F24, J61, N34
| Article in English (pp. 362 - 386) | ||
| Article in Ukrainian (pp. 362 - 386) | Download | Downloads :118 |
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